AFNS Biology Test Preparation: Top MCQs for AFNS / GDMO Initial Test

Are you a female and wished to join the Pakistan Army through Armed Forces Nursing Services or as a GDMO through the Short Service Regular Commission (SSRC)? Start your AFNS Biology Test Preparation with confidence! Our carefully curated Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are designed to help you master key biology concepts, ensuring you pass the initial tests with ease.

Whether you’re brushing up on fundamentals or tackling advanced topics, you can find here all past papers mcqs of Biology. Start your journey to serve the nation—start preparing today and step closer to your dream career in the Pak Army Medical Corps! as AFNS or as GDMO.

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Must study AFNS Biology Test Preparation with past experiences;

Mendelian inheritance follows which form of dominance relation?
a) Complete dominance
b) Multiple allelic dominance
c) Incomplete dominance
d) Co-dominance
Correct Answer: a) Complete dominance

An exception to Mendel’s law is:
a) Linkage
b) Dominance
c) Purity of gametes
d) Independent assortment
Correct Answer: a) Linkage

Self-fertilization of F1 dihybrids, following independent assortment of alleles will result in:
a) 3/16 tall, round: 3/16 dwarf, wrinkled
b) 9/16 tall, wrinkled: 3/16 dwarf, round
c) 9/16 tall, round: 3/16 tall, wrinkled: 3/16 dwarf, round: 1/16 dwarf, wrinkled
d) All tall and round
Correct Answer: c) 9/16 tall, round: 3/16 tall, wrinkled: 3/16 dwarf, round: 1/16 dwarf, wrinkled

Phenotypic ratio of single trait inheritance:
a) 1:2:1
b) 3:1
c) 1:2
d) 1:3:2
Correct Answer: b) 3:1

As a result of cross-fertilization of true breeding pea plant having purple-colored flowers with that of white colored flowers, the offspring will have flower with:
a) ¼ purple and ¾ white
b) All purple
c) ¼ white and ¾ purple
d) All white
Correct Answer: b) All purple

Incomplete dominance:
a) Different alleles of a gene are both expressed in heterozygous condition
b) One allele is completely dominant over the other
c) The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between phenotypes of the two homozygotes
d) Gene mutations may produce many different alleles of a gene
Correct Answer: c) The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between phenotypes of the two homozygotes

ABO blood system is an example of:
a) Polygenes
b) Multiple alleles
c) Multiple genes
d) Multiple mutation
Correct Answer: b) Multiple alleles

Which one of the following is multiple allelic character?
a) Length of stem in pea plant
b) Blood group of the human being
c) Shape of seed in pea plant
d) Colour of flower in pea plant
Correct Answer: b) Blood group of the human being

If Sara has blood group O. The genotype of her mother and father is possibly:
a) Bi X BB
b) BB X BB
c) Bi X Bi
d) BB X Bi
Correct Answer: c) Bi X Bi

Blood group which is known as universal donor is:
a) A+
b) O+
c) AB+
d) O-
Correct Answer: d) O-

All of the following are properties of respiratory surfaces EXCEPT:
a) Permeable
b) Good blood supply
c) Thick (more than 1 mm)
d) Larger surface area
Correct Answer: c) Thick (more than 1 mm)

The human nose is composed of:
a) Bone
b) Cartilage
c) Fibro-fatty tissues
d) All of these
Correct Answer: d) All of these

Cilia move trapped substances into the ______ for removal:
a) Larynx
b) Nasal cavity
c) Nose
d) Pharynx
Correct Answer: d) Pharynx

The part of the pharynx found between the base of the skull and soft palate is the:
a) Laryngopharynx
b) Oropharynx
c) Nasopharynx
d) Both a & c
Correct Answer: b) Oropharynx

Sound is produced by the:
a) Larynx
b) Voice box
c) Sound box
d) All of these
Correct Answer: d) All of these

The trachea is approximately ______ cm long:
a) 10
b) 11
c) 12
d) 2.5
Correct Answer: c) 12

Which of the following is lined by ciliated mucus membranes?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Nasal cavity
d) Both a & c
Correct Answer: d) Both a & c

In which structure are C-shaped rings present but flattened?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Bronchioles
d) Esophagus
Correct Answer: b) Bronchi

There are about ______ million alveoli in the lungs:
a) 500
b) 700
c) 900
d) 300
Correct Answer: b) 700

Surfactants released by alveolar walls:
a) Increase surface tension
b) Decrease surface tension
c) Kill bacteria
d) Both b & c
Correct Answer: d) Both b & c

The functional unit of the lungs is the:
a) Alveoli
b) Air sacs
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Both a & b
Correct Answer: b) Air sacs

Moist squamous epithelium is present in the:
a) Bronchioles
b) Nose
c) Nasal cavity
d) Alveoli
Correct Answer: d) Alveoli

The walls of alveoli are about ______ micrometers thick:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 0.1
d) 0.2
Correct Answer: c) 0.1

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Where does the divergence of respiratory and digestive systems occur?
a) Nasopharynx
b) Laryngopharynx
c) Oropharynx
d) None
Correct Answer: b) Laryngopharynx

The opening of the larynx is called:
a) Glottis
b) Nostrils
c) Epiglottis
d) Nares
Correct Answer: a) Glottis

Breathing consists of ______ phases:
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Six
Correct Answer: a) Two

Lungs are ______ in origin:
a) Ectodermal
b) Endodermal
c) Perforated
d) Mesodermal
Correct Answer: b) Endodermal

The right lung represents ______ of total lung volume:
a) 44%
b) 56%
c) 64%
d) 66%
Correct Answer: b) 56%

The tidal volume of the lungs is:
a) 5 liters
b) 500 mL
c) 1.5 liters
d) 1500 mL
Correct Answer: b) 500 mL

The breathing center is located in the:
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Midbrain
Correct Answer: c) Medulla oblongata

The concentration of oxygen in air is approximately ______%:
a) 20%
b) 40%
c) 30%
d) 10%
Correct Answer: a) 20%

The volume of the chest cavity decreases during:
a) Inspiration
b) Expiration
c) Inhalation
d) Both a & c
Correct Answer: b) Expiration

One hemoglobin molecule combines with:
a) 4 molecules of oxygen
b) 1 molecule of oxygen
c) 1.34 mL of oxygen
d) Both a & c
Correct Answer: d) Both a & c

Blood is 100% saturated when it contains 20 mL oxygen/100 mL blood at a partial pressure of:
a) 40 mmHg
b) 75 mmHg
c) 100 mmHg
d) 116 mmHg
Correct Answer: d) 116 mmHg

Hemoglobin contains a central atom of:
a) Calcium (Ca)
b) Magnesium (Mg)
c) Iron (Fe)
d) Manganese (Mn)
Correct Answer: c) Iron (Fe)

When all four heme sites in hemoglobin are occupied, it is called:
a) Saturated
b) Unsaturated
c) Supersaturated
d) Concentrated
Correct Answer: a) Saturated

The partial pressure of oxygen inside capillaries is:
a) 40 mmHg
b) 80 mmHg
c) 100 mmHg
d) 120 mmHg
Correct Answer: a) 40 mmHg

Maximum oxygen absorption occurs at a pressure of:
a) 7600 mmHg
b) 76 mmHg
c) 760 mmHg
d) None
Correct Answer: c) 760 mmHg

The respiratory pigment hemerythrin is found in:
a) Vertebrates
b) Annelids
c) Marine animals
d) Molluscs
Correct Answer: b) Annelids

Partial pressure of CO₂ is highest in the:
a) Lungs
b) Tissues
c) Capillaries
d) Alveoli
Correct Answer: b) Tissues

Essential AFNS Biology Test Preparation: Must-Study Topics for AFNS / GDMO Candidates

Initial mcqs for AFNS Biology Test Preparation are given below;

Transport of CO₂ depends on the partial pressure of:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Blood
d) Not effected
Correct Answer: b) Oxygen

Percentage of carbon dioxide carried by plasma is:
a) 3%
b) 5%
c) 7%
d) 9%
Correct Answer: c) 7%

Hemoglobin molecule contains ______ structure:
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Correct Answer: d) Quaternary

Myoglobin is found in:
a) Muscle
b) Heart
c) Liver
d) Lungs
Correct Answer: a) Muscle

Otitis media is the inflammation of the:
a) Nose
b) Alveolar walls
c) Middle ear
d) None
Correct Answer: c) Middle ear

Allergy, infection, blockage of Eustachian tube and nutritional deficiency cause:
a) Tuberculosis
b) Asthma
c) Lung cancer
d) Otitis media
Correct Answer: d) Otitis media

Tobacco smoke weakens the walls of:
a) Alveoli
b) Bronchi
c) Bronchus
d) Bronchioles
Correct Answer: a) Alveoli

BCG vaccine is used for:
a) Lung cancer
b) Emphysema
c) Tuberculosis
d) Otitis media
Correct Answer: c) Tuberculosis

The permanent and irreversible destruction of alveoli is called:
a) Emphysema
b) Pneumonia
c) Tuberculosis
d) Asthma
Correct Answer: a) Emphysema

Pneumonia is caused by:
a) Streptococcus
b) Mycoplasma
c) Both
d) None
Correct Answer: c) Both

Water enters plants by a pressure known as:
a) Osmotic Pressure
b) Turgor Pressure
c) Root Pressure
d) Capillary Action
Correct Answer: b) Turgor Pressure

Rain droplets are spherical due to:
a) Gravity
b) Surface Tension
c) Air Resistance
d) Viscosity
Correct Answer: b) Surface Tension

The scientist who produced the first vaccine was:
a) Louis Pasteur
b) Edward Jenner
c) Robert Koch
d) Alexander Fleming
Correct Answer: b) Edward Jenner

Plants need how many types of nutrients (besides light) for photosynthesis?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Correct Answer: b) 3

In histology, we study:
a) Cells
b) Tissues
c) Organs
d) Organ Systems
Correct Answer: b) Tissues

The functional unit of the lungs is the:
a) Bronchus
b) Alveoli
c) Trachea
d) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: b) Alveoli

Rapid expansion of compressed hydrogen causes:
a) Respiratory Disease
b) Frostbite
c) Explosion
d) No effect
Correct Answer: a) Respiratory Disease

The organ surrounded by a sac is called:
a) Cristae
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondrion
d) Ribosome
Correct Answer: a) Cristae

Cytosol is present in:
a) Prokaryotic Cells
b) Eukaryotic Cells
c) Both
d) Neither
Correct Answer: b) Eukaryotic Cells

Potassium deficiency in plants causes:
a) Chlorosis
b) Necrosis
c) Stunted Growth
d) Wilting
Correct Answer: a) Chlorosis

Ribosomes are made up of:
a) DNA and Protein
b) RNA and Protein
c) Lipids and Carbohydrates
d) Only Protein
Correct Answer: b) RNA and Protein

The hormone released by the thyroid gland is:
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Adrenaline
d) Estrogen
Correct Answer: b) Thyroxine

Deficiency of Vitamin A causes:
a) Scurvy
b) Night Blindness
c) Rickets
d) Beriberi
Correct Answer: b) Night Blindness

A virion is a:
a) Bacterium
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoan
Correct Answer: b) Virus

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria include:
a) Escherichia coli
b) Clostridium
c) Salmonella
d) Streptococcus
Correct Answer: b) Clostridium

Nerves arising from the brain are called:
a) Spinal Nerves
b) Cranial Nerves
c) Peripheral Nerves
d) Autonomic Nerves
Correct Answer: b) Cranial Nerves

Each mesophyll cell contains approximately how many chloroplasts?
a) 5-10
b) 20-100
c) 150-200
d) 300-500
Correct Answer: b) 20-100

Terrestrial plants carry out what percentage of total photosynthesis?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 50%
d) 80%
Correct Answer: b) 20%

The chemical link between catabolism and anabolism is:
a) NADH
b) ATP
c) FADH₂
d) Glucose
Correct Answer: b) ATP

In cockroaches, food is temporarily stored in the:
a) Crop
b) Gizzard
c) Stomach
d) Intestine
Correct Answer: b) Gizzard

Birds have thin-walled ducts in their lungs called:
a) Bronchioles
b) Alveoli
c) Parabronchi
d) Tracheae
Correct Answer: c) Parabronchi

The percentage of CO₂ carried as bicarbonate in plasma is:
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%
Correct Answer: c) 70%

Hydra is a:
a) Filter Feeder
b) Macrophagous Feeder
c) Dimensions Feeder
d) Parasitic Feeder
Correct Answer: b) Macrophagous Feeder

Active transport depends on:
a) Osmosis
b) Cellular Metabolism
c) Diffusion
d) Facilitated Transport
Correct Answer: b) Cellular Metabolism

The outer boundary of a cell is called the:

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Lipids are:
a) Soluble in water
b) Insoluble in water
c) Partially soluble
d) None of these
Correct Answer: b) Insoluble in water

The maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in body fluids is called:
a) Thermoregulation
b) Osmoregulation
c) Homeostasis
d) Diffusion
Correct Answer: b) Osmoregulation

The ability to maintain body temperature despite environmental changes is:
a) Osmoregulation
b) Thermoregulation
c) Hemostasis
d) Glycoregulation
Correct Answer: b) Thermoregulation

Uric acid is the excretory product of:
a) Carbohydrate metabolism
b) Protein metabolism
c) Purine metabolism
d) Lipid metabolism
Correct Answer: c) Purine metabolism

An example of a heterogeneous mixture is:
a) Saltwater
b) Pizza
c) Sugar solution
d) Air
Correct Answer: b) Pizza

Steroids belong to which class of biomolecules?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: c) Lipids

A hypertonic solution has a:
a) Lower solute concentration
b) Higher solute concentration
c) Equal solute concentration
d) None of these
Correct Answer: b) Higher solute concentration

The primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is:
a) DNA replication
b) Protein synthesis
c) Lipid storage
d) Waste elimination
Correct Answer: b) Protein synthesis

The organelle surrounded by a sac is called:
a) Nucleus
b) Cristae
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
Correct Answer: b) Cristae

Movement of particles from high to low concentration is:
a) Osmosis
b) Active transport
c) Diffusion
d) Filtration
Correct Answer: c) Diffusion

Enzymes used in digestion include:
a) Protease and Amylase
b) Lipase and Sucrase
c) Lactase and Maltase
d) All of these
Correct Answer: a) Protease and Amylase

The strongest chamber of the heart is the:
a) Right atrium
b) Left atrium
c) Right ventricle
d) Left ventricle
Correct Answer: d) Left ventricle

Kidneys receive approximately how much blood per cardiac beat?
a) 0.5–1.0 L/min
b) 1.2–1.3 L/min
c) 2.0–2.5 L/min
d) 3.0–3.5 L/min
Correct Answer: b) 1.2–1.3 L/min

Collagen and parenchyma cells are found in:
a) Bones
b) Soft plant parts (leaves, flowers, fruits)
c) Blood vessels
d) Cartilage
Correct Answer: b) Soft plant parts (leaves, flowers, fruits)

Red blood cells appear red due to:
a) Myoglobin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Chlorophyll
d) Melanin
Correct Answer: b) Hemoglobin

Heat is produced during which process?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Digestion
Correct Answer: b) Respiration

Amoeba moves using:
a) Cilia
b) Flagella
c) Pseudopodia
d) Tentacles
Correct Answer: c) Pseudopodia

Xerophytes contain which pigment?
a) Xanthophyll
b) Chlorophyll
c) Carotene
d) Phycobilin
Correct Answer: b) Chlorophyll

The functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Sarcomere
Correct Answer: b) Nephron

Muscles contain:
a) Hemoglobin
b) Myoglobin
c) Melanin
d) Collagen
Correct Answer: b) Myoglobin

The direct energy source for muscle contraction is:
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) Creatine phosphate
d) Fatty acids
Correct Answer: b) ATP

Amino acids are linked by:
a) Glycosidic bonds
b) Peptide bonds
c) Hydrogen bonds
d) Ionic bonds
Correct Answer: b) Peptide bonds

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a) Cutin
b) Cholesterol
c) Phospholipid
d) Starch
Correct Answer: d) Starch

The normal pH of human blood is:
a) 6.8
b) 7.0
c) 7.4
d) 8.0
Correct Answer: c) 7.4

Blastomeres are formed during:
a) Fertilization
b) Cleavage
c) Gastrulation
d) Organogenesis
Correct Answer: b) Cleavage

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